All Phrases Dictionary
Complete phrase dictionary from all CEFR levels in alphabetical order with definitions and example sentences.
a bit
A small amount
Example
I’m a bit tired after work.
a bit more
Slightly more than before
Example
Can I have a bit more time to finish?
a bit of a…
Used to describe something as slightly problematic, surprising, or unusual.
Example
It’s a bit of a problem, but we’ll fix it.
a bit of something
A small amount of something (uncountable)
Example
Could you spare a bit of sugar?
A bomb went off.
A bomb exploded.
Example
A bomb went off near the city square.
a couple of something
Two of something (often informal)
Example
Can I borrow a couple of dollars?
a day or two
One or two days
Example
I'll call you back in a day or two.
a decline in student numbers
Fewer students enrolling over time.
Example
The university reported a decline in student numbers this year.
a dream come true
Something longed for that becomes real.
Example
Winning the award was a dream come true.
a few
A small number, used for countable things.
Example
I have a few friends coming over later.
a few minutes
A short amount of time.
Example
Wait a few minutes while I finish my call.
a few times
On several occasions.
Example
I’ve visited Paris a few times.
a few years
Several years.
Example
She lived abroad for a few years.
a good idea
Something that is wise or beneficial to do.
Example
Bringing an umbrella is a good idea since it might rain.
a great deal
A large amount (used without "of" for emphasis)
Example
She learned a great deal from her travels.
a great deal better
Much improved
Example
I feel a great deal better today.
a great deal of something
A lot of (used for uncountable nouns)
Example
She has a great deal of experience.
a job for life
A permanent position
Example
Teaching used to be considered a job for life.
a kind of…
A type or category of something
Example
This is a kind of fruit I’ve never seen before.
a large number of something
A high quantity of something
Example
A large number of birds migrate south in winter.
a little
A small amount, used for uncountable things.
Example
Can I have a little sugar in my coffee?
a little bit
A small amount
Example
She’s a little bit shy at first.
a little help
A small amount of assistance.
Example
Could you give me a little help with this box?
a little money
A small amount of cash.
Example
He has a little money saved for emergencies.
a little more
Slightly additional quantity
Example
I need a little more salt in this soup.
a little sugar
A small quantity of sugar.
Example
She adds a little sugar to her tea.
a long time ago
Refers to something that happened far in the past
Example
A long time ago, people traveled by horse.
a long way
A great distance or progress
Example
We’ve come a long way since last year.
a lot
A large amount or degree.
Example
I love chocolate a lot.
a lot more
Much greater in amount or degree
Example
He needs a lot more practice to improve.
a lot of something
A large quantity of something.
Example
There’s a lot of noise outside today.
a lot to do
Having many tasks or responsibilities.
Example
I’ve got a lot to do before the weekend.
a means of communication
A tool or system for exchanging information.
Example
Language is a primary means of communication.
a means of something
A method or way of achieving something.
Example
Education is a means of improving your future.
a means of transport
A vehicle or method used to move people or goods.
Example
Bicycles are an eco-friendly means of transport.
a moment or two
A short period of time
Example
Wait a moment or two, please.
a number of something
Several or many of something
Example
A number of students failed the test.
a period of time
A specific duration.
Example
She studied for a long period of time.
a pound or two
A small quantity of money or weight
Example
This bag weighs a pound or two.
a range of something
Several types or varieties of something
Example
The store offers a range of eco-friendly products.
a rise in the number of visitors
More people arriving somewhere
Example
The park experienced a rise in the number of visitors last year.
a variety of something
Many different types of something
Example
The shop sells a variety of snacks and drinks.
a wide range of something
A large variety of something
Example
The museum has a wide range of historical artifacts.
able to do something
Having the power, skill, means, or opportunity to do something.
Example
She was able to fix the car by herself.
above all
Most importantly or primarily.
Example
Above all, prioritize safety during the experiment.
access to something
The right or ability to use or enter something
Example
All students should have access to good learning resources.
account for something
To explain or give a reason for something.
Example
How do you account for the missing money?
accused of something
Charged with committing an offense or blamed for something.
Example
He was accused of theft.
act as something
To function in the role of something.
Example
She acted as a mediator during the negotiation.
add to something
To contribute or increase something
Example
Your comment adds to the confusion.
after all
Despite what was said or done; in the end
Example
He passed the test after all.
again and again
Repeatedly; many times
Example
He kept knocking on the door again and again.
agree with somebody
To share the same opinion or feeling as someone else.
Example
I agree with you. The movie was amazing.
aim to do something
Intend or plan to achieve something
Example
The school aims to improve student performance.
aimed at doing something
Designed or intended to achieve a specific action.
Example
The program is aimed at reducing pollution.
aimed at somebody
Directed toward a person or group.
Example
The advertisement was aimed at teenagers.
all about…
Concerning or regarding something/someone
Example
This movie is all about friendship.
all but
Nearly everything except; almost entirely.
Example
All but the final chapter of the book is complete.
all day
The entire day.
Example
We worked all day and didn’t stop until dinner.
all kinds of…
Many different types of something
Example
The shop sells all kinds of snacks.
all night
Throughout the entire night.
Example
The baby cried all night.
all over the world
In every part of the world.
Example
This song is popular all over the world.
all over the world
In every part of the globe
Example
Coffee is grown all over the world.
all over…
Everywhere in or on something
Example
Paint was splattered all over the floor.
all sorts of…
Various types of things
Example
She collects all sorts of vintage hats.
all the more
To a greater extent or degree.
Example
Her determination made her all the more inspiring.
all the time
Always; continuously
Example
He listens to music all the time.
all the way
Completely or fully.
Example
I support you all the way.
along with somebody or something
Together with someone or something
Example
She brought her dog along with her sister.
alternative to something
Another option instead of something
Example
Biking is a healthy alternative to driving.
and so on
Used to suggest that a list could continue
Example
We bought fruits like apples, oranges, bananas, and so on.
anyone else
Any other person.
Example
Is anyone else going to the concert tonight?
anything else
Another thing or more things.
Example
Would you like anything else to eat?
apart from
In addition to/except for
Example
Apart from English, she speaks French and Spanish.
appeal to somebody
To be attractive or interesting to someone.
Example
Classical music doesn’t appeal to everyone.
apply for something
Submit a formal request for something
Example
I applied for a job yesterday.
apply to somebody or something
To be relevant or suitable for someone/something.
Example
The rules apply to all employees.
around the world
In many different places globally.
Example
They traveled around the world last year.
arrive at...
To reach a smaller place or a specific point.
Example
We arrived at the airport early.
arrive in...
To reach a city or country.
Example
They arrived in London yesterday.
art gallery
A building where paintings and sculptures are shown
Example
We visited an art gallery downtown.
as a result
Therefore; because of that
Example
It rained heavily, and as a result, the match was canceled.
as a result of something
Because of something
Example
The fire started as a result of faulty wiring.
as a whole
Considering the entire group or system.
Example
The team, as a whole, performed exceptionally.
as far as I am concerned
From one’s own perspective.
Example
As far as I’m concerned, the plan is perfect.
as far as somebody or something is concerned
Regarding someone or something.
Example
As far as the budget is concerned, we’re on track.
as follows…
Introducing a list or explanation.
Example
The instructions are as follows: mix flour and water.
as for somebody or something
Regarding or concerning someone/something.
Example
As for the budget, we’ll discuss it tomorrow.
as if nothing had happened
Acting normally despite an unusual or upsetting event
Example
He walked out as if nothing had happened.
as if…
Used to describe how something seems
Example
She talks as if she knows everything.
as long as…
Provided that or on condition that.
Example
You can borrow my car as long as you return it by midnight.
as much as
To the same degree or level
Example
I don’t like coffee as much as tea.
as of…
Starting from a specific time or date.
Example
As of today, smoking is banned indoors.
as opposed to
In contrast with.
Example
She prefers writing emails as opposed to making calls.
as part of a team
As one member among others working together
Example
She worked as part of a research team.
as part of something
Being included within a larger plan or activity
Example
We visited the museum as part of our school trip.
as soon as
Immediately when; the moment that
Example
Call me as soon as you arrive.
as soon as possible
At the earliest opportunity
Example
Please reply as soon as possible.
as such
In the capacity or role that something is.
Example
He’s a teacher, and as such, he supports lifelong learning.
as though…
In a way that suggests something is true (often hypothetical).
Example
He spoke as though he knew everything.
as to how…
Concerning the method or way something happens.
Example
We debated as to how the event would proceed.
as to something
Regarding or concerning something.
Example
There’s confusion as to the meeting’s location.
as to whether…
Regarding the possibility or uncertainty of something.
Example
There’s no decision yet as to whether the project will continue.
as well
Also; in addition
Example
She speaks Spanish as well.
as well as somebody or something
In addition to someone or something
Example
He plays football as well as tennis.
ask for something
To request something.
Example
He asked for help with his homework.
associated with doing something
Linked to the act of performing an action.
Example
Long hours are associated with burnout.
associated with something
Connected or linked to something.
Example
Stress is often associated with heart disease.
at first
At the beginning
Example
At first, I didn’t like the idea, but now I love it.
at home
At one’s own house.
Example
I prefer staying at home on Sundays.
at last
Finally
Example
After hours of waiting, the train arrived at last.
at least
Not less than; at minimum
Example
Try to read at least 20 pages a day.
at once
Immediately or simultaneously.
Example
The crowd gasped at once when the magician appeared.
at present
Currently or now.
Example
At present, we’re waiting for feedback.
at risk
In danger of harm or loss
Example
Children are particularly at risk during heatwaves.
at school
At school; studying or attending classes there.
Example
My son is at school right now.
at some point
At an unspecified time in the future or past.
Example
We’ll have to leave at some point tonight.
at that time
During a previously mentioned period
Example
At that time, mobile phones were not common.
at the age of…
When someone is a certain number of years old
Example
She started painting at the age of five.
at the beginning of something
At the start of something.
Example
At the beginning of the movie, the main character moves to a new town.
at the end
Near or at the conclusion of something.
Example
At the end of the race, everyone cheered.
at the end of something
Located physically or temporally at the end of something.
Example
There’s a bench at the end of the path.
at the end of the day
Ultimately or after considering everything.
Example
At the end of the day, family is what matters most.
at the expense of somebody or something
At the cost or loss of someone/something else.
Example
His success came at the expense of his health.
at the hands of somebody
By the actions of someone (often negative).
Example
The artwork was destroyed at the hands of vandals.
at the moment
Right now; currently.
Example
I’m busy at the moment, can I call you back?
at the same time
Happening together or simultaneously.
Example
She laughed and cried at the same time.
at the start of something
At the beginning of something
Example
At the start of the race, everyone was nervous.
at the time
During a particular period
Example
I was living abroad at the time.
at the time of something
During the occurrence of something
Example
At the time of the accident, he was asleep.
at the top
On the highest point or rank
Example
She works at the top of a tall building.
at the top of something
At the uppermost part of something
Example
The flag was planted at the top of the mountain.
at this point
At the current stage in a process or discussion.
Example
At this point, we need more data to proceed.
at this stage
At the current level or step of development.
Example
At this stage, the project is still experimental.
at times
Sometimes; occasionally
Example
At times, he can be very difficult to work with.
at university
Studying or located at a university.
Example
He met his best friend at university.
at work
Currently working or present at one’s job.
Example
Sarah is at work until 6 PM.
attached to somebody or something
Emotionally connected to someone or something
Example
She's very attached to her childhood home.
awareness of something
Knowledge or understanding of something.
Example
Raising awareness of climate change is crucial.
away from somebody or something
Not near someone or something.
Example
Keep the dog away from the food.
back and forth
Moving repeatedly between two points or opinions.
Example
The debate went back and forth for hours.
back somebody or something up
To support someone/something or confirm a statement.
Example
Can you back up your claim with evidence?
bad for somebody or something
Harmful to someone or something.
Example
Too much sugar is bad for your teeth.
bad news
Information that is unpleasant or unfortunate.
Example
I have some bad news about the trip.
bad thing
Something negative or harmful.
Example
Losing your passport on vacation is a bad thing.
based on something
Developed or created using something as a foundation
Example
The film is based on a true story.
be about to do something
Going to do something very soon
Example
I was just about to call you.
be allowed to do something
Have permission to do something
Example
Students are not allowed to use phones during class.
be attributed to somebody
To credit or blame someone for something.
Example
The discovery is attributed to Marie Curie.
be charged with doing something
To be assigned responsibility for an action.
Example
She was charged with organizing the event.
be charged with something
To be formally accused of a crime.
Example
He was charged with assault.
be derived from something
To originate or come from something.
Example
The word “television” is derived from Greek roots.
be entitled to something
To have the right or claim to something.
Example
Employees are entitled to fair wages.
be expected to do something
To be required or obliged to perform an action.
Example
Students are expected to complete homework daily.
be found to do something
To be discovered or proven to perform an action.
Example
The company was found to violate environmental laws.
be going on
Happening or taking place
Example
What’s going on outside?
be going to do something
To plan or intend to do something soon.
Example
I’m going to call my mom after dinner.
be in touch
To stay connected or communicate regularly
Example
Let me know when you arrive — be in touch!
be known as somebody or something
Be called or named something
Example
Paris is known as the City of Light.
be known to do something
To be recognized for regularly doing something.
Example
She’s known to help strangers in need.
be made of something
What something consists of or is constructed from
Example
This table is made of wood.
be made up of something
Composed or consisting of something.
Example
The committee is made up of experts in the field.
be meant to do something
To be intended or designed for a purpose.
Example
This tool is meant to simplify calculations.
be nothing to do with somebody or something
To have no connection with someone/something.
Example
The accident was nothing to do with the driver’s actions.
be reported to be something
To be described or stated as something (often in news).
Example
The suspect is reported to be armed.
be reported to have something
To be said to possess something (often in news).
Example
The company is reported to have a billion-dollar budget.
be said to be something
To be rumored or claimed to have a quality.
Example
She’s said to be the best surgeon in the city.
be said to have something
To be rumored or claimed to possess something.
Example
The castle is said to have hidden treasure.
be supposed to be something
Believed or expected to be something
Example
The movie is supposed to be really scary.
be supposed to do something
Expected or required to do something
Example
You're supposed to wear a uniform at work.
be surrounded by somebody or something
To be in the company of or physically near something/someone.
Example
She was surrounded by friends at her birthday party.
be the case that…
To state that something is true.
Example
It might be the case that the project is delayed.
be to blame
To be responsible for a mistake or problem.
Example
No one is to blame for the accident.
be to blame for something
To hold responsibility for a negative outcome.
Example
Poor planning was to blame for the delay.
be to do with somebody or something
To be connected or relevant to something.
Example
The issue is to do with outdated software.
bear in mind that…
To remember a fact when considering something.
Example
Bear in mind that deadlines are non-negotiable.
bear somebody or something in mind
To remember or consider someone/something.
Example
Bear my advice in mind when you make your decision.
because of
Due to or on account of.
Example
We stayed inside because of the rain.
begin with something
To start by doing something or having something.
Example
We’ll begin with a warm-up exercise.
believe in somebody or something
Have confidence in the value or truth of someone or something
Example
I believe in hard work and honesty.
belong to somebody
Be owned by someone
Example
This book belongs to Maria.
belong to something
Be a part of a group or category
Example
This species belongs to the cat family.
benefit from something
Gain an advantage from something
Example
Students benefit greatly from online learning tools.
best friend
Someone you feel very close to and trust.
Example
Anna has been my best friend since high school.
black and white
Without color; in black and white.
Example
The old photo is black and white.
both sides
Two opposing groups or perspectives.
Example
Both sides agreed to a ceasefire.
both sides of the argument
The opposing viewpoints in a discussion.
Example
Before deciding, I want to hear both sides of the argument.
bound to be something
Inevitably having a particular quality.
Example
The test was bound to be difficult.
bound to do something
Certain to happen.
Example
If you study hard, you’re bound to pass.
break up
End a relationship or separate into pieces
Example
They broke up after five years of dating.
break up with somebody
End a romantic relationship with someone
Example
She decided to break up with him after the argument.
bring somebody up
To raise or care for a child until adulthood.
Example
She brought up three children alone.
bring something about
To cause something to happen.
Example
The protest brought about policy changes.
bring something up
To raise a topic or mention something.
Example
She brought up the issue during the meeting.
by means of something
Using a particular method or tool.
Example
The message was delivered by means of a letter.
by no means
Not at all; absolutely not.
Example
This solution is by no means perfect.
by now
At this time, implying something should already have happened.
Example
The package should have arrived by now.
by the end of something
Not later than the end of something
Example
Please finish your homework by the end of the week.
by the time (that)…
Before or when something happens
Example
By the time we arrived, the show had already started.
call for something
To require or demand something.
Example
The situation calls for immediate action.
call on somebody
To visit someone or request help.
Example
The manager called on experts to resolve the issue.
call on somebody to do something
To urge someone to take action.
Example
Activists call on the government to act on climate change.
can’t afford something
Cannot pay for or manage something
Example
I can’t afford a new car right now.
can’t afford to do something
Cannot allow oneself to do something due to consequences
Example
We can't afford to make any mistakes this time.
care about something
Be interested in or concerned about something
Example
Do you really care about the environment?
care for somebody
Look after or take responsibility for someone
Example
She cares for her elderly mother every day.
carry on
Continue doing something
Example
Please carry on with your work.
carry on with something
Continue with an activity
Example
They carried on with their journey despite the storm.
carry something out
Perform or complete something (like a task)
Example
Scientists carried out important experiments.
case study
An in-depth analysis of a specific subject.
Example
The professor assigned a case study on climate change.
caused by something
Resulted from something
Example
The accident was caused by icy roads.
cell phone
A portable mobile telephone.
Example
Turn off your cell phone during the meeting.
check in
Arrive and register at a hotel, airport, etc.
Example
We checked in at the hotel early in the morning.
check in at…
Register arrival at a specific place
Example
You need to check in at the airport counter.
check out
Leave a hotel after settling payment, or examine something
Example
We checked out of the hotel at noon.
check out of something
Depart from a place (usually a hotel)
Example
Guests must check out of the hotel by 11 AM.
check somebody or something out
Examine or inspect someone/something
Example
The mechanic checked the car out before the trip.
check something in
Leave luggage at an airline desk
Example
I need to check my bag in before boarding.
choose to do something
Decide to perform an action
Example
I choose to believe the best in people.
city center
The central part of a city.
Example
We’re meeting in the city center tomorrow.
clean something up
Make something clean
Example
Please clean your room up before guests arrive.
clean up
Make something clean or tidy
Example
It’s your turn to clean up the kitchen.
click on something
Use a mouse to select something on a screen
Example
Just click on the icon to open the app.
climate change
Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns
Example
Climate change is affecting ecosystems worldwide.
close to somebody or something
Near someone or something physically or emotionally
Example
She lives close to the city center.
come across somebody or something
To encounter someone/something unexpectedly.
Example
I came across an old friend at the market.
come back
Return to a place or person
Example
He will come back tomorrow.
come from...
To be originally from a place or country.
Example
She comes from Brazil.
come into something
To enter a place or space.
Example
He came into the room quietly.
Come on!
Expression used to encourage or urge action
Example
Come on, let’s get going!
come true
To become a reality.
Example
Her dream of traveling the world finally came true.
come up with something
Think of or produce an idea or solution
Example
The team came up with some excellent suggestions.
compared with something
When measured against another thing
Example
Life here is easier compared with life in the city.
concentrate on something
Focus attention on one thing
Example
Try to concentrate on your studies.
concerned about something
Worried or anxious about something.
Example
Parents are concerned about their children’s safety.
concerned with something
Related to or focused on something.
Example
The book is concerned with environmental ethics.
confidence in somebody or something
Trust or belief in someone/something’s abilities.
Example
I have full confidence in her leadership.
connected to something
Linked or attached to something
Example
This device is connected to the internet.
connected with somebody or something
Related or associated in some way
Example
He is connected with the finance department.
consist of somebody or something
Be made up of something or someone
Example
The group consists of ten members.
consistent with something
In agreement or harmony with something.
Example
The results are consistent with previous studies.
contribute to something
To help cause or provide something for a common purpose.
Example
Smoking contributes to lung disease.
control over somebody or something
Power to influence or direct someone/something.
Example
The government sought control over the region.
cope with something
To manage or deal successfully with a difficult situation.
Example
She struggles to cope with stress.
credit card
Plastic card used to buy things instead of cash
Example
I paid with my credit card.
deal with somebody
Interact with or manage someone
Example
She finds it difficult to deal with rude customers.
deal with something
Handle or manage something (especially problems)
Example
He knows how to deal with stress.
decide on something
Choose something
Example
We need to decide on a topic for our project.
decline in something
A decrease or reduction in something.
Example
There’s been a decline in bee populations.
dedicated to something
Devoted or committed to a cause or activity.
Example
She’s dedicated to environmental conservation.
depend on somebody or something
Rely on someone or something
Example
Children depend on their parents.
depend on somebody or something for something
Rely on someone/something to provide something
Example
Many families depend on tourism for income.
depend on something
Be determined by something
Example
Whether we go depends on the weather.
dependent on somebody or something
Relying on someone/something for support.
Example
Many species are dependent on their habitats for survival.
deprive somebody or something of something
To take something away from someone/something.
Example
The storm deprived the region of power.
despite the fact that…
Even though something is true.
Example
Despite the fact that it rained, the event continued.
developing countries
Nations with lower industrialization and economic development
Example
Aid money is often sent to developing countries.
dispose of somebody or something
To get rid of or deal with something.
Example
How should we dispose of the waste?
do well
Achieve success; perform effectively
Example
She did very well in her exam.
draw attention to somebody or something
To highlight or make people notice something.
Example
The documentary drew attention to poverty in rural areas.
due to somebody or something
Because of someone or something
Example
The delay was due to bad weather.
each one
Every individual item or person in a group
Example
Each one of these books is valuable.
economic growth
An increase in the production of goods and services
Example
Economic growth has slowed down this year.
end up
Eventually reach a place or situation
Example
If you keep walking, you’ll end up lost.
end with something
Finish by doing or having something
Example
The meal ended with a delicious dessert.
engage in something
To participate in or perform an activity.
Example
Children engage in imaginative play daily.
engaged in something
Actively involved in something.
Example
Scientists are engaged in groundbreaking research.
even if
Despite the fact that
Example
I'll go even if it rains.
even more difficult
A higher level of difficulty
Example
Math became even more difficult this semester.
even more exciting
Much more thrilling or interesting
Example
The second part of the movie was even more exciting.
even more…
Used to emphasize an increased degree
Example
Today is even more exciting than yesterday.
even though
Although
Example
Even though it was raining, we went hiking.
ever since(…)
Continuously from a past time until now.
Example
We’ve been friends ever since college.
everyone else
All other people besides those already mentioned
Example
Everyone else went home, but I stayed behind.
exactly the same
Identical
Example
Their twins look exactly the same.
except for
With the exception of; apart from
Example
The house was empty except for a few chairs.
experience in something
Knowledge or skill gained through doing something
Example
Do you have experience in marketing?
exposure to something
Contact with or experience of something.
Example
Prolonged exposure to sunlight can damage skin.
fail to do something
Not succeed in doing something
Example
He failed to complete the task on time.
fall asleep
Begin to sleep
Example
She fell asleep during the movie.
fall in love
Begin to feel romantic feelings
Example
They fell in love at first sight.
fall in love with somebody
Start to love someone deeply
Example
He fell in love with his colleague.
fall off
Drop or descend from something
Example
The picture fell off the wall.
fall off something
Fall from a surface or object
Example
The child fell off the chair.
far away
At a distant location
Example
Her hometown is far away from here.
far from doing something
Not likely to perform an action.
Example
He’s far from admitting his mistake.
far from something
Not at all or very distant in quality.
Example
This solution is far from perfect.
far more
Much more than usual or expected
Example
This method is far more effective than the old one.
far more important
Significantly more significant
Example
Listening is far more important than talking.
far more opportunities
A significantly larger number of chances
Example
Big cities offer far more job opportunities.
far too
Much more than acceptable or appropriate
Example
This bag is far too heavy to carry.
far too much homework
Excessive academic work given to students
Example
Teachers sometimes give far too much homework.
fed up
Annoyed or tired of something
Example
I’m fed up with traffic jams.
feel good
Experience physical or emotional well-being
Example
Exercise makes me feel good.
feel like something
Resemble something in texture, appearance, or sensation
Example
This fabric feels like silk.
figure somebody or something out
To understand or solve something.
Example
I can’t figure out how to use this app.
fill something in
Complete a form or provide information
Example
Please fill in the application form.
find it difficult to do something
Have trouble doing something
Example
I find it difficult to understand him sometimes.
find yourself doing something
To discover you are doing something unintentionally.
Example
I found myself daydreaming during the lecture.
first of all
Used when making a point that comes before all others
Example
First of all, we need to decide on a budget.
focus on somebody or something
Concentrate attention or effort on something
Example
Focus on your goals and ignore distractions.
follow something up
To pursue further or investigate.
Example
The team will follow up on the lead.
followed by somebody or something
Coming after someone or something
Example
The letter was followed by a phone call.
for a while
For a short period of time
Example
Let’s rest for a while.
for free
Without cost
Example
The museum entrance is for free every Sunday.
for instance
For example
Example
Some animals, for instance lions, live in groups.
for life
Forever; for the rest of one's life
Example
He was sentenced to prison for life.
for long
For a long time
Example
I didn’t stay there for long.
for some time
For a certain unspecified period
Example
She studied abroad for some time.
for that matter
Used to add a related point or emphasize similarity.
Example
He doesn’t like coffee. For that matter, he avoids all caffeine.
for the benefit of somebody
For someone’s advantage or well-being.
Example
The charity event was held for the benefit of orphans.
for the rest of something
For the remaining part of something
Example
Let’s enjoy the rest of the evening.
for the sake of somebody or something
For the benefit of someone or something, or in order to help them.
Example
They stayed calm for the sake of the children.
for this reason
Because of this fact or situation
Example
For this reason, we decided to cancel the event.
get away with something
To escape punishment for something.
Example
He thinks he can get away with lying.
get back
Return to a place or recover something
Example
What time did you get back last night?
get better
Improve in health or quality
Example
She’s getting better after surgery.
get in
To arrive or enter a place.
Example
What time did you get in last night?
get in touch
Contact someone
Example
Please get in touch if you need help.
get into something
To become interested in or involved with something.
Example
She got into painting during the pandemic.
get lost
Become unable to find your way
Example
Tourists often get lost in the old town.
get on with somebody
Have a good relationship with someone
Example
She doesn’t get on well with her brother.
get out
Leave a place or escape from somewhere
Example
Get out of the house—it’s dangerous!
get out of something
Escape from something or avoid doing something
Example
He tried to get out of paying taxes.
get over something/somebody
To recover from an emotion or event.
Example
It took years to get over the loss.
get rid of somebody or something
To eliminate or dispose of something/someone.
Example
We need to get rid of the expired food.
get to know somebody
Become familiar with someone over time
Example
It took me a while to get to know my neighbors.
get used to doing something
Become comfortable doing something regularly
Example
I’m getting used to waking up early.
get used to something
Become accustomed to something
Example
It took a few weeks to get used to the new time zone.
give something up
Stop doing something (habitually)
Example
He gave up smoking two years ago.
give up
Stop trying; abandon
Example
Never give up on your dreams.
given that…
Considering or because of something.
Example
Given that the data is incomplete, we’ll delay the report.
global warming
The gradual increase in Earth's overall temperature
Example
Scientists warn about the dangers of global warming.
go ahead
Proceed with permission
Example
Go ahead and start the meeting.
go ahead with something
Start or continue with something planned
Example
They decided to go ahead with the concert despite the rain.
go and get help
Travel to obtain assistance
Example
Go and get help from the teacher.
go and…
Go somewhere to do something
Example
I’ll go and get something to eat.
go away
Leave a place
Example
Please go away and let me rest.
go down
Move downward or decrease
Example
Prices are going down this month.
go down something
Move along a path or street
Example
Go down the road until you see the store.
Go down the road.
Instruction to move forward on a route
Example
Go down the road, then turn left.
go for a walk
Take a short journey on foot for pleasure
Example
Let's go for a walk in the park.
go for something
Choose or support something; try to achieve something
Example
I think I’ll go for the red dress.
go off
To explode, sound, or leave suddenly.
Example
The fire alarm went off at midnight.
go on to do something
To proceed to perform another action.
Example
After retiring, he went on to write a book.
go through something
To endure or examine something thoroughly.
Example
I went through all my documents to find the receipt.
go up
Move upward or increase in value
Example
Prices tend to go up during inflation.
go wrong
Fail; not work as expected
Example
Everything that could go wrong did go wrong.
Good idea!
An expression used to agree with someone’s suggestion.
Example
“Let’s take a walk.” “Good idea!”
good luck
Wishing someone success
Example
Good luck on your job interview!
growth in something
Increase in a particular area or field
Example
There has been steady growth in the tech industry.
had better
Advising or warning someone to do something.
Example
You’d better apologize before it’s too late.
hang on
Wait or hold tightly.
Example
Hang on while I finish this call.
happen to somebody or something
Occur to someone or something (usually unexpected)
Example
What happened to your car?
happy with somebody or something
Satisfied or pleased with someone or something
Example
I’m happy with the results.
have a look
Take a quick glance or examine
Example
Can I have a look at your phone?
have a look at something
Examine or inspect something
Example
Have a look at this report before sending it.
have got to
Must do something; obligation
Example
I’ve got to finish this today.
have no idea
Not know anything about something
Example
I have no idea where my keys are.
have nothing to do with somebody or something
To be unrelated to someone/something.
Example
This error has nothing to do with the software update.
have somebody or something in mind
To be thinking of a specific person or thing.
Example
Do you have a candidate in mind for the job?
have somebody or something in mind for something
To plan or intend someone/something for a purpose.
Example
I have a gift in mind for your birthday.
have something in common
Share interests, experiences, etc.
Example
They have a lot in common.
have something in common with somebody
Share something with someone
Example
I have a lot in common with my sister.
have something in common with something
Be similar to something
Example
These two theories have several ideas in common.
have to do with somebody or something
To concern or relate to something.
Example
Her decision has a lot to do with her family.
Have you ever…?
Asking about past experiences
Example
Have you ever visited Paris?
health problems
Issues affecting physical or mental well-being
Example
He has serious health problems due to smoking.
hear about somebody or something
Receive information about someone or something
Example
Did you hear about the new policy?
hear of somebody or something
Know about someone or something by reputation
Example
Have you ever heard of this author?
heart disease
Illness related to the heart
Example
Heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide.
high street
Main shopping street in a town
Example
There are many shops on the high street.
higher education
University or college-level study
Example
Many students go into debt to afford higher education.
his best work to date
The finest achievement so far.
Example
This is his best novel to date.
How shall I put it?
A phrase to introduce a careful or tactful statement.
Example
How shall I put it? Your work needs improvement.
human being
A person.
Example
Every human being deserves respect.
human rights
Basic rights inherent to all humans.
Example
The organization fights for human rights globally.
I didn’t enjoy it at all.
Strongly disliked something
Example
The movie was boring—I didn’t enjoy it at all.
I didn’t even see it
Emphasizing complete lack of experience or knowledge
Example
“Did you notice the mistake?” – “I didn’t even see it.”
I didn’t mean to
Used to apologize for an unintended action
Example
“That hurt!” – “I didn’t mean to!”
I don’t care
Expression showing indifference
Example
“It might rain tomorrow.” – “I don’t care.”
I don’t think so
Disagreement or doubt
Example
“Is he going to call?” – “I don’t think so.”
I guess
Expressing a belief or opinion tentatively
Example
I guess we’ll find out tomorrow.
I had a kind of feeling this might happen.
Expressing a vague sense or intuition about something
Example
I had a kind of feeling this might happen, so I prepared.
I have to say…
Introducing a personal opinion.
Example
I have to say, this is the best meal I’ve ever had.
I mean
Used to clarify or correct what was said
Example
I meant to say Monday, not Tuesday.
I think so
Agreement or confirmation based on belief
Example
“Will it snow tomorrow?” – “I think so.”
I wonder if…
Thinking about the possibility of something
Example
I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.
I would say...
Expressing a personal opinion tentatively.
Example
I would say this is the best option available.
I’m afraid…
Introducing bad news or disagreement politely
Example
I’m afraid I can’t help you with that.
if I were you
Used to give advice
Example
If I were you, I’d accept the job offer.
if necessary
Used when something may be needed under certain conditions
Example
Bring an umbrella if necessary.
if only…
Expressing a wish or regret.
Example
If only I had studied harder for the test!
if you want to
Giving permission or suggesting conditionally
Example
You can leave early if you want to.
in a position to do something
Having the ability or authority to act.
Example
The CEO is in a position to approve the budget.
in a way that…
In a particular manner
Example
Speak in a way that others can understand.
in accordance with something
In agreement or compliance with something.
Example
The decision was made in accordance with the law.
in action
Being actively used or demonstrated.
Example
The new software works well in action.
in addition
Also; furthermore
Example
In addition to his salary, he gets a company car.
in addition to somebody or something
Including something extra
Example
In addition to math, she studies physics.
in advance
Beforehand or earlier than a scheduled time.
Example
Book your tickets in advance to save money.
in an attempt to do something
Trying to achieve something.
Example
In an attempt to fix the problem, he rebooted the system.
in any case
Regardless of the situation.
Example
In any case, we’ll proceed with the plan.
in business
Being actively operating as a company or enterprise
Example
That store has been in business for 50 years.
in case…
To prepare for possibility
Example
Take an umbrella in case it rains.
in charge of somebody or something
Responsible for someone or something
Example
Sarah is in charge of the finance department.
in conjunction with somebody or something
Working together with someone/something.
Example
The study was conducted in conjunction with local hospitals.
in connection with somebody or something
Related to someone/something.
Example
The interview focused on his work in connection with climate change.
in contrast
Compared and showing differences
Example
In contrast to summer, winter is cold and snowy.
in contrast to somebody or something
Compared to someone/something else, showing differences
Example
In contrast to winter, summer is full of sunshine.
in danger
At risk of harm or loss
Example
The animals are in danger of extinction.
in effect
Actually or currently in operation.
Example
The new policy is now in effect.
in favour of somebody or something
Supporting or approving of something
Example
Are you in favour of the new policy?
in full
Completely or entirely.
Example
The terms were explained in full.
in general
Usually; broadly speaking
Example
In general, people enjoy weekends more than weekdays.
in history
In the recorded events of the past
Example
This event will go down in history.
in hospital
Receiving medical treatment in a hospital
Example
My uncle is still in hospital after the surgery.
in light of something
Because of or considering something.
Example
In light of your feedback, we’ll make changes.
in line with something
Matching or consistent with something.
Example
The proposal is in line with company goals.
in love
Feeling romantic affection
Example
They’ve been in love for years.
in love with somebody
Deeply emotionally attached to someone
Example
I think she’s in love with her boss.
in order of something
Organized according to rank, size, or importance
Example
The names were listed in order of score.
in order to do something
For the purpose of doing something
Example
She studied hard in order to pass the exam.
in other words
Said differently for clarity
Example
He’s not interested — in other words, he said no.
in part
Partially or to some extent.
Example
The success was in part due to teamwork.
in particular
Specifically; especially
Example
I like fruit, bananas in particular.
in place
Functioning properly or ready for use.
Example
The security measures are now in place.
in practice
In reality or actual use.
Example
The theory works in principle, but not in practice.
in prison
Confined in a jail or correctional facility
Example
He has been in prison for ten years.
in public
In a place where people can see you
Example
He proposed to her in public, which surprised everyone.
in recent years
In the past few years
Example
In recent years, technology has advanced rapidly.
in relation to somebody or something
Concerning or connected with someone/something.
Example
The policy changes apply in relation to employees.
in respect of something
Concerning or regarding something.
Example
The rules apply in respect of all employees.
in response to something
As a reaction to something
Example
The government introduced new laws in response to protests.
in some cases
Sometimes or under certain circumstances
Example
In some cases, the illness shows no symptoms.
in spite of something
Despite a challenge or obstacle.
Example
In spite of the rain, the picnic was fun.
in such a way (that)…
Done in a particular manner.
Example
Speak in such a way that everyone understands.
in terms of something
When considering a specific aspect or area
Example
In terms of cost, this option is better.
in the absence of somebody or something
Without someone/something.
Example
In the absence of evidence, the case was dismissed.
in the air
Existing but not yet settled or confirmed
Example
There’s a sense of excitement in the air.
in the case of something
Regarding a particular situation
Example
In the case of fire, use the emergency exit.
in the city center
Located within the central area of the city.
Example
The hotel is in the city center, close to all major attractions.
in the course of…
During the progress of something.
Example
In the course of the experiment, we noticed errors.
in the end
Eventually; after everything else
Example
In the end, we decided not to go.
in the event of something
If something happens (used for planning).
Example
In the event of a fire, follow the evacuation plan.
in the face of something
Despite or confronting a challenge.
Example
They remained calm in the face of danger.
in the first place
Originally or initially.
Example
Why did you start the project in the first place?
in the form of somebody or something
Shaped or presented as someone or something
Example
The award was given in the form of a certificate.
in the hands of somebody
Controlled or managed by someone.
Example
The project is in the hands of experts.
in the light of something
Considering new information.
Example
In the light of recent events, we’ve revised the schedule.
in the meantime
During the interval before something happens.
Example
Finish this task, and in the meantime, I’ll prepare the report.
in the middle
Central point or part of something
Example
He stood in the middle of the room.
in the middle of something
Right in the center or most intense part of something
Example
We were in the middle of dinner when the power went out.
in the midst of something
In the middle of an activity or situation.
Example
She left in the midst of the meeting.
in the near future
Soon or within the next few days/weeks.
Example
The results will be announced in the near future.
in the presence of somebody
When someone is present.
Example
Children behave better in the presence of adults.
in the presence of something
When something exists or occurs nearby.
Example
Plants thrive in the presence of sunlight.
in the same way
Similarly; using the same method
Example
Children learn by doing things in the same way.
in the wake of somebody or something
Following or as a result of something.
Example
In the wake of the scandal, the CEO resigned.
in the way (that)…
In the manner that something happens
Example
Try to speak in the way that others can understand.
in this case
In this situation
Example
In this case, we should wait for further instructions.
in this way
By means of this process or action
Example
In this way, we can improve our understanding.
in time
Soon enough; eventually
Example
You’ll understand everything in time.
in time for something
Early enough for something
Example
We arrived just in time for dinner.
in time to do something
Early enough to do something
Example
He got up early in time to catch the train.
in touch
Having communication with someone
Example
Keep in touch while you're abroad.
in touch with somebody
Communicating with someone
Example
I’m still in touch with my high school friends.
in turn
As a result or reciprocally.
Example
Increased demand led to higher prices, which, in turn, reduced sales.
instead of
In place of; rather than
Example
She drank tea instead of coffee.
investment in something
Allocating resources (money, time) to gain a future benefit.
Example
The company increased investment in renewable energy.
involvement in something
Participation or engagement in an activity.
Example
His involvement in charity work is admirable.
it all depends
Same as above, used more conversationally
Example
“Are you coming tonight?” – “It all depends how I feel.”
it depends
The outcome varies according to circumstances
Example
Whether we go hiking depends on the weather.
It’s a good idea to...
Used to suggest that doing something is wise.
Example
It’s a good idea to study before the exam.
just in case…
To be safe or prepared
Example
I’ll bring an extra shirt, just in case.
keep in mind that…
To take a fact into account.
Example
Keep in mind that not everyone agrees with the plan.
keep in touch
Continue communicating
Example
Don’t forget to keep in touch after graduation.
keep somebody or something in mind
To remember or consider someone/something for future use.
Example
Keep this candidate in mind for future roles.
kilometres per hour
Unit of speed in countries using metric system
Example
The car was going 120 kilometres per hour.
lead to something
Cause or result in something
Example
Lack of sleep can lead to poor concentration.
leave somebody or something out
Fail to include someone or something
Example
Don’t leave anyone out of the group activity.
less than…
Smaller in amount or degree
Example
Less than half the students passed the test.
let alone
Used to emphasize something even more unlikely.
Example
He can’t afford a car, let alone a house.
Let me help you.
Offering assistance
Example
Let me help you carry those bags.
let me know
Requesting information or updates
Example
Let me know when you arrive.
Let me…
Used before expressing intention or request
Example
Let me check my notes.
likely to do something
Probably going to do something
Example
It’s likely to rain later today.
little more than…
Almost nothing except; barely.
Example
The room was little more than a storage closet.
live on something
To survive or depend on something.
Example
Many families live on a single income.
loads of somebody or something
A large quantity of something.
Example
She has loads of books in her collection.
look after somebody or something/yourself
To take care of someone or something
Example
Please look after my cat while I'm away.
look back at something
Reflect on past events
Example
Looking back at my childhood brings back many memories.
Look back at your notes.
Instruction to review previously written material
Example
Look back at your notes before the exam.
look forward to something
Be excited about something coming soon
Example
I look forward to meeting you next week.
look out
Be careful or watchful
Example
Look out — there's a car coming!
look something up
Search for information (e.g., in a dictionary or online)
Example
Look up the word in the dictionary.
make a difference
Have an important effect
Example
Your support makes a big difference.
make a mistake
Do something incorrectly
Example
Everyone makes mistakes sometimes.
make money
Earn income
Example
She makes money by freelancing online.
make sense
Be logical or understandable
Example
Your explanation doesn’t make sense.
make something up
Invent something untrue, or compose something
Example
He made up an excuse to avoid going.
make sure
Ensure something happens or is true
Example
Make sure the windows are closed.
make sure of something
Confirm or verify something
Example
Make sure of the schedule before leaving.
make sure that…
Ensure a condition or action takes place
Example
Make sure that everyone gets an invitation.
manage to do something
Succeed in doing something difficult
Example
I managed to finish the project on time.
may well
Likely to or possibly will.
Example
The delay may well cause further problems.
mean to do something
Intend to do something
Example
I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
mental health
A person’s psychological and emotional well-being.
Example
Schools are focusing more on mental health awareness.
miles per hour
Unit of speed in countries using imperial system
Example
The speed limit is 60 miles per hour.
more and more
Increasingly; becoming greater in amount or frequency
Example
More and more people are using electric cars.
more or less
Approximately or to a certain extent.
Example
The project is more or less finished.
move on
Go to another subject or place; progress
Example
Let’s move on to the next topic.
move on to something
Proceed to something else
Example
After finishing math, she moved on to science.
much better
Significantly improved
Example
I feel much better after taking the medicine.
no doubt
Certainly or definitely.
Example
She’s no doubt the best candidate for the job.
no longer
Not anymore; ceased
Example
He no longer works here.
no matter how…
Regardless of the degree or manner.
Example
No matter how hard I try, I can’t fix this.
no matter what…
Regardless of any obstacles or conditions.
Example
No matter what happens, stay calm.
no matter…
Regardless of the circumstances.
Example
No matter the cost, we’ll complete the project.
no more than…
Only; at most
Example
There were no more than 20 people at the meeting.
no way
Informal: Impossible or not happening
Example
No way am I going there alone!
No way!
Expression of disbelief or refusal
Example
“You got tickets for free?” – “No way!”
not any longer
Same as above, used for emphasis
Example
I can't wait any longer.
not at all
Not in any way; completely negative
Example
“Did you enjoy it?” – “Not at all!”
not even
Not including the most basic example
Example
I didn’t even see him—he left too quickly.
not necessarily
Possibly not; not always
Example
Bigger doesn't necessarily mean better.
not only
Used before listing one item among more
Example
She speaks French, not only English.
not only… but also…
Both things are true
Example
He is not only smart but also kind.
not to mention
In addition to something already mentioned.
Example
The trip was expensive, not to mention exhausting.
nothing but
Only or merely.
Example
The room was filled with nothing but silence.
nothing like
Not similar to something.
Example
This dessert is nothing like the original recipe.
Oh dear
Mild expression of disappointment or worry
Example
Oh dear, I forgot to lock the door.
Oh well
Acceptance of a disappointing situation
Example
Oh well, maybe next time.
on a regular basis
Frequently or routinely
Example
She exercises on a regular basis.
on behalf of somebody
Representing or acting for someone.
Example
I’m speaking on behalf of the team.
on board
Participating in or agreeing to a plan.
Example
The entire team is on board with the new strategy.
on both sides
Existing or occurring equally in two places or groups.
Example
The conflict has caused casualties on both sides.
on earth
Used for emphasis, especially in questions
Example
What on earth did you say?
on my own
Alone; without help
Example
I cooked dinner on my own.
on the basis of something
Based on or using something as a foundation.
Example
Decisions were made on the basis of evidence.
on the ground
Physically located on the floor or surface
Example
The keys are on the ground.
on the one hand
Introducing one side of an argument.
Example
On the one hand, the plan saves money; on the other, it risks safety.
on the other hand
Contrast with what was previously said
Example
Japanese is easy to read, but on the other hand, it's difficult to write.
on the other side
On the opposite side of something
Example
The house is on the other side of the river.
on the other side of something
Across a line or boundary
Example
The school is on the other side of the street.
on the part of somebody
Done by someone (emphasizing responsibility).
Example
The mistake was on the part of the technician.
on the street
Located physically in the street
Example
There were many vendors on the street.
on the streets
Homeless or living outdoors
Example
Many animals live on the streets.
on the wall
Attached to or hanging on a wall
Example
The painting is on the wall.
on the way
Coming soon
Example
The pizza is on the way — it should arrive in ten minutes.
on the weekend
During Saturday and Sunday.
Example
Let’s meet up on the weekend.
on their own
Without outside assistance
Example
The children walked home on their own.
on time
Punctually; not late
Example
Please arrive on time for the meeting.
on top of something/somebody
Above something or someone physically or in control
Example
The cat is sitting on top of the fridge.
on your own
By yourself
Example
Can you solve this problem on your own?
once again
One more time or repeatedly.
Example
The system crashed once again.
one another
Each other (used among more than two people).
Example
The students helped one another during the exam.
one or two
A small number
Example
I have one or two questions to ask.
opposed to something
Against something or disagreeing with it.
Example
Many are opposed to the new tax law.
or so
Approximately (used after numbers).
Example
We waited for an hour or so.
or somebody
Or someone else, possibly
Example
Ask Sarah or somebody else for help.
or something
Used when unsure of exact wording
Example
He said he was tired or something like that.
or somewhere
Used when giving a possible location
Example
He must be around here or somewhere.
or two
A small number added for uncertainty
Example
I'll be ready in a minute or two.
ordinary people
Regular individuals, not famous or powerful
Example
This law affects ordinary people the most.
other than
Except for or apart from.
Example
Other than a few scratches, the car is fine.
ought to
Should do something (slightly formal)
Example
You ought to see a doctor if you’re feeling sick.
out there
Existing or located somewhere distant or unknown
Example
The answer is out there — we just need to find it.
over the course of…
During a period of time.
Example
Over the course of a year, sales doubled.
over the years
During a long period of time
Example
Over the years, our friendship grew stronger.
over time
Gradually, as time passes
Example
The pain lessened over time.
parking lot
A place where cars are parked.
Example
The parking lot is full, so we need to find another spot.
participate in something
Take part in something
Example
All students are encouraged to participate in the debate.
pay attention
Focus on something carefully
Example
Pay attention to the teacher.
pay attention to somebody or something
Give careful thought or notice to someone or something
Example
You should pay attention to your health.
per hour
Rate per hour
Example
She earns $20 per hour.
pick somebody or something up
Lift or collect someone or something
Example
I'll pick you up at 6 PM.
point of view
A person's opinion or perspective
Example
From his point of view, the movie wasn’t exciting.
point out
Bring attention to something
Example
She pointed out a mistake in the report.
point out that…
Mention something important
Example
He pointed out that the plan had flaws.
point something out
Indicate or mention something noteworthy
Example
Can you point out the main idea?
police officer
Law enforcement official
Example
The police officer helped direct traffic.
police station
Building where police work and reports are made
Example
Go to the police station to file a report.
potential for something
The possibility of something developing.
Example
The area has potential for tourism.
prepared to do something
Ready to do something
Example
Are you prepared to take on this challenge?
pretty much
Almost entirely or nearly.
Example
I’m pretty much done with the assignment.
Prices are going down.
Prices are decreasing
Example
Prices are going down due to lower demand.
Prices are going up.
Prices are increasing
Example
Prices are going up because of higher production costs.
primary school
School attended by younger children
Example
My daughter just started primary school.
prime minister
Head of government in certain countries
Example
The prime minister gave a speech today.
prior to
Before a specific time or event.
Example
Prior to the meeting, please review the report.
prove to be something
To turn out to have a particular quality.
Example
The task proved to be easier than expected.
public transport
Transportation services available for use by the public
Example
I use public transport to get to work.
put it
To express something in words.
Example
How should I put it? She’s very direct.
put something forward
To suggest or propose something.
Example
She put forward a new idea for the campaign.
put something on
Wear clothing or play media
Example
Put on your jacket before going out.
put something together
To assemble or organize something.
Example
We need to put the presentation together by tomorrow.
put something up
Hang or raise something
Example
Put up the poster on the wall.
quality of life
The standard of comfort and happiness in someone’s life.
Example
The town offers a high quality of life.
quite a good player
A very good player
Example
He's quite a good player for his age.
quite a long time
A fairly extended period
Example
It took quite a long time to fix the car.
quite a lot
A significant amount or number
Example
I’ve traveled quite a lot.
quite a lot of something
A considerable quantity of something
Example
There’s quite a lot of noise outside.
quite a…
Fairly large or impressive
Example
That was quite a performance!
raise money
Collect funds for a cause
Example
The charity raised money through a bake sale.
raise money for something
Collect funds for a specific purpose
Example
They raised money for disaster relief.
ranging from
Including items between two extremes.
Example
Prices range from $10 to $100.
rather than
Instead of
Example
I prefer tea rather than coffee.
reaction to something
Response to something
Example
Her reaction to the news was shock.
reasons why
The causes or explanations for something
Example
Here are the reasons why I disagree.
refer to somebody or something
Mention or describe someone or something
Example
Scientists refer to this process as photosynthesis.
refer to somebody or something as something
Call or name someone/something in a particular way
Example
Historians refer to him as “The Iron Chancellor.”
regarded as something
Considered or viewed as something.
Example
He’s regarded as a genius in his field.
relate to something/somebody
Understand or connect with something or someone
Example
Young people can relate to this music.
related to something/somebody
Connected in some way
Example
She’s related to the mayor.
relating to something/somebody
Connected with something or someone
Example
This chapter is relating to environmental issues.
relevant to somebody or something
Connected or applicable to someone/something.
Example
The article is relevant to current events.
rely on somebody or something
To depend on someone/something for support.
Example
We rely on technology for communication.
report on something
Write or speak formally about something
Example
Journalists reported on the election results.
respect for somebody or something
Admiration or regard for someone or something
Example
Show respect for your elders.
respond to something/somebody
React or reply to something or someone
Example
How did he respond to the question?
result in something
Lead to something happening
Example
Poor diet can result in health problems.
rise in something
An increase in something
Example
There has been a rise in crime rates.
role model
A person whose behavior inspires others.
Example
Teachers should be positive role models.
run out
Become exhausted or unavailable
Example
We’ve run out of sugar — can you buy more?
run out of something
No longer have any of something
Example
I’ve run out of ideas.
save money
Put aside funds for future use
Example
I’m trying to save money for a vacation.
science fiction
Fiction dealing with futuristic science or technology
Example
I enjoy reading science fiction novels.
search engine
Online tool for finding information
Example
Use a search engine to look up the answer.
search for something/somebody
Try to find something or someone
Example
Rescue teams searched for survivors.
secondary school
An educational institution attended after primary school, typically for students aged 11–18.
Example
She started attending secondary school last year.
seek to do something
To try or attempt to achieve something.
Example
The company seeks to expand globally.
set out
To begin a journey or present information.
Example
We set out at dawn to avoid traffic.
set something up
To establish or organize something (e.g., a system, business, or event).
Example
They set up a new committee to address the issue.
set to do something
Ready or prepared to begin something.
Example
The team is set to launch the campaign tomorrow.
She went off to get a drink.
She left to do something.
Example
She went off to get a drink during the break.
short of something
Lacking something.
Example
We’re short of time, so hurry up!
slow down
To reduce speed or pace.
Example
The car slowed down when it began raining.
so as to do something
In order to achieve something.
Example
She left early so as to catch the train.
so far
Up to the present moment; until now.
Example
We haven’t received any complaints so far.
so that…
In order to; for the purpose of
Example
Study hard so that you pass the exam.
solution to something
Answer or method to solve a problem
Example
Recycling is a solution to pollution.
some kind of…
An unspecified or unclear type of something.
Example
He muttered some kind of excuse and left.
something like…
Approximately or resembling.
Example
The package weighs something like 10 pounds.
sort of something
Kind or type of something
Example
I like that sort of music.
sort somebody or something/yourself out
To resolve a problem or organize oneself.
Example
Take a break and sort yourself out.
sound like somebody or something
Resemble in sound
Example
That sounds like a good idea.
start with somebody or something
Begin with someone or something
Example
Let’s start with the introduction.
stick to something
To continue with something without changing.
Example
Stick to the facts during the debate.
subject to something
Likely to be affected by something.
Example
Prices are subject to change.
succeed in doing something
To achieve something successfully.
Example
She succeeded in winning the scholarship.
such a good idea
A highly positive suggestion
Example
“Let’s go for a picnic.” – “Such a good idea!”
such a/an…
Used before adjectives and nouns for emphasis
Example
Such a beautiful day!
suffer from something
To experience harm, pain, or disadvantage due to something.
Example
Millions suffer from hunger worldwide.
sum something up
To summarize or explain concisely.
Example
Can you sum up the article in one sentence?
sum up
To summarize or conclude briefly.
Example
To sum up, the plan needs more funding.
sure to do something
Certain or likely to happen.
Example
This plan is sure to impress the clients.
take advantage of somebody or something
To use someone/something selfishly.
Example
Don’t let anyone take advantage of you.
take care of somebody or something/yourself
Look after someone or something
Example
Make sure to take care of yourself.
take off
Remove clothing or fly upwards (airplane)
Example
It’s hot—take off your jacket.
take over
To assume control of something.
Example
A new company will take over the project.
take over from somebody
To replace someone in a role.
Example
She took over from the retiring CEO.
take part
Participate in an activity
Example
She took part in the debate.
take part in something
Join in or participate in something
Example
Do you plan to take part in the competition?
take place
Happen or occur
Example
The ceremony will take place next week.
take somebody or something on
To accept a challenge, responsibility, or competition.
Example
He decided to take on the leadership role.
take something into account
To consider something when making a decision.
Example
The judge took the defendant’s age into account.
take something off
Remove something from a surface or body
Example
Take the lid off the jar.
take something up
To raise or discuss a topic.
Example
The manager agreed to take our concerns up with the team.
take up golf
To start playing golf as a hobby.
Example
After retiring, he took up golf to stay active.
take up something
To begin studying, practicing, or engaging in an activity.
Example
She took up painting during lockdown.
take up too much room
To occupy excessive space.
Example
The sofa takes up too much room in the small living room.
Tell me all about it.
Requesting someone to explain everything
Example
“How was your trip?” – “Tell me all about it!”
tell the truth
To speak honestly.
Example
The witness promised to tell the truth in court.
tend to be something
To be generally characterized by a quality or state.
Example
These meetings tend to be short and focused.
tend to do something
To regularly or habitually perform an action.
Example
I tend to forget names easily.
thanks to somebody or something
Because of someone or something.
Example
Thanks to the volunteers, the event was a success.
that is
Used to clarify or rephrase something.
Example
The deadline is Monday—that is, the 15th.
That’s a good idea!
Used to agree with someone’s suggestion.
Example
“We should try that new restaurant.” “That’s a good idea!”
that’s it
A phrase indicating conclusion or finality.
Example
That’s it—no more arguments!
The alarm went off.
The alarm activated.
Example
The smoke alarm went off when I burnt the toast.
the bad things about something
The negative aspects of something.
Example
The bad things about the job are the long hours.
the best thing
The most favorable option or outcome
Example
The best thing about the trip was the food.
the best thing to do
The wisest or most beneficial course of action
Example
The best thing to do is talk to them calmly.
the case
A situation or fact being true.
Example
In this case, we’ll need a backup plan.
the extent to which…
The degree or range of something.
Example
The extent to which the policy affects us is unclear.
the fact that…
Used to emphasize a specific detail or reality.
Example
The fact that she lied ruined her credibility.
the first thing
The initial point or item
Example
The first thing I noticed was the smell.
the first thing I did
The initial action taken
Example
The first thing I did was turn on the lights.
the first time in history
For the very first occasion ever known
Example
It's the first time in history that Mars has been reached.
the following day
The day after a mentioned or understood day
Example
I finished the report the following day.
the following…
The ones listed or mentioned next
Example
The following items need immediate attention.
the important thing
The most significant point or factor in a situation
Example
The important thing is that everyone is safe.
The lights went off.
The lights turned off suddenly.
Example
The lights went off during the storm.
the most important thing
The key or top priority in any matter
Example
The most important thing is to stay calm.
the other side of something
The opposite side of something
Example
The bank is on the other side of the river.
the other side of the world
A very distant place, often geographically opposite
Example
She moved to the other side of the world for work.
the rest of something
The remaining part of something
Example
You can have the rest of the cake.
the rest of the world
All other parts of the world apart from one being discussed
Example
While Europe was at war, the rest of the world watched closely.
The train got in late.
The train arrived behind schedule.
Example
The train got in late due to delays on the tracks.
the vast majority of something
Nearly all of something.
Example
The vast majority of voters supported the bill.
There are those who say…
A phrase introducing differing opinions.
Example
There are those who say the policy is too strict.
There is no way (that)…
Emphatic denial or impossibility
Example
There is no way he could have done that.
these days
At the present time; nowadays
Example
These days, many people work remotely.
They say you can’t buy happiness.
Common saying suggesting money cannot bring true joy
Example
“She spends so much on luxury items.” – “They say you can’t buy happiness.”
they say…
Used when reporting what others believe or claim
Example
They say practice makes perfect.
those who…
People who possess a certain quality or perform an action.
Example
Those who persist often achieve their goals.
throw something away
To get rid of something unwanted
Example
Don’t throw that book away — it’s valuable!
to date
Until now or up to the present.
Example
No evidence has been found to date.
to do with somebody or something
Related to someone or something.
Example
What does this have to do with the main topic?
together with
In addition to or accompanied by someone/something.
Example
She left the room together with her friend.
too bad
Expresses disappointment or regret.
Example
Too bad we missed the concert.
try and…
(Informal) To attempt to do something.
Example
Try and call me later!
turn into something
To change into a different form or state.
Example
The caterpillar turned into a butterfly.
turn out
To prove to be true or to result in a certain way.
Example
The event turned out better than expected.
turn out to be something
To ultimately be discovered as something.
Example
The mysterious figure turned out to be her neighbor.
turn something off
Stop the operation or supply of something (e.g., water, electricity)
Example
Turn the lights off before leaving.
turn something on
Start the operation or supply of something
Example
Please turn the heater on — it’s cold.
turn something up
To increase volume or discover something.
Example
Could you turn the radio up? They also turned up new evidence.
unable to do something
Not having the ability or opportunity to do something.
Example
The team was unable to complete the task on time.
up against something
Facing a challenge or obstacle.
Example
Small businesses are up against fierce competition.
up and down
Moving in both directions along a line or scale
Example
The prices go up and down all the time.
up to 60 miles per hour
Reaching a maximum speed of 60 mph.
Example
The car can accelerate up to 60 miles per hour in seconds.
up to somebody
Decided by someone or within their responsibility.
Example
Whether to go is up to you.
up to something
Responsible for deciding or being suitable for something.
Example
It’s up to you whether we go or stay.
way of life
A habitual or cultural manner of living.
Example
Fishing is a traditional way of life in this village.
well known
Famous or widely recognized.
Example
The town is well known for its annual festival.
What sorts of things do you…
Question asking about preferences or habits
Example
What sorts of books do you enjoy?
What’s going on?
Asking what is happening
Example
“Why is everyone whispering?” – “What’s going on?”
when it comes to doing something
Regarding the act of doing something.
Example
She’s confident when it comes to public speaking.
when it comes to something
Regarding or concerning a specific topic.
Example
When it comes to cooking, I prefer Italian cuisine.
whether or not…
Regardless of the possibility.
Example
I’ll attend the event whether or not it rains.
Why not…?
Suggesting an idea or action
Example
“We should try that new restaurant.” – “Why not?”
with regard to somebody or something
Concerning or regarding someone/something.
Example
With regard to your request, we’ll review it shortly.
with respect to something
In relation to something.
Example
With respect to the budget, we need revisions.
with the exception of somebody or something
Except for someone or something.
Example
Everyone passed the exam, with the exception of one student.
work on something
To spend time improving or completing something.
Example
She’s working on her presentation for tomorrow.
work out
Exercise; calculate; be successful
Example
I go to the gym to work out every morning.
work something out
To solve a problem or plan details.
Example
Let’s work out the budget before proceeding.
worried about somebody or something
Feeling anxious or concerned
Example
She’s worried about her exam results.
would love to do something
Polite expression showing strong desire
Example
I would love to join you for dinner.
would rather…
Prefer to do something instead of another action.
Example
I’d rather stay home than go to the party.
write something down
Record information in writing
Example
Write down the important points from the meeting.
wrong with somebody or something
A problem or fault in someone or something.
Example
Is there something wrong with the printer?
Yes
Affirmative response; agreement
Example
“Do you want to come?” – “Yes!”
you see
Used to emphasize understanding or explanation.
Example
He didn’t show up—you see, he never got the message.
You’ll get over it.
A response to dismiss someone’s emotional struggle.
Example
Stop worrying; you’ll get over it.